Knowledge base / release channel

The finished work.
Nothing else.

A public library of production-minded FinTech topics. Every visible article includes the explanation, source trail, Python, TypeScript, and a tested engineering contract.

9 domains33 families187 complete topics

187 complete articles in this view

01

Market Data Engineering / Bar Construction

Time Bars

A production-minded guide to Time Bars.
7 min Python + TypeScriptFoundation
02

Market Data Engineering / Bar Construction

Tick Bars

A production-minded guide to Tick Bars.
7 min Python + TypeScriptFoundation
03

Market Data Engineering / Bar Construction

Volume Bars

A production-minded guide to Volume Bars.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
04

Market Data Engineering / Bar Construction

Dollar Bars

A production-minded guide to Dollar Bars.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
05

Market Data Engineering / Bar Construction

Tick-Imbalance Bars

A production-minded guide to Tick-Imbalance Bars.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
06

Market Data Engineering / Bar Construction

Volume-Imbalance Bars

A production-minded guide to Volume-Imbalance Bars.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
07

Market Data Engineering / Bar Construction

Tick-Run Bars

A production-minded guide to Tick-Run Bars.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
08

Market Data Engineering / Cleaning and Validation

OHLC Consistency Validator

A production-minded guide to OHLC Consistency Validator.
8 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
09

Market Data Engineering / Cleaning and Validation

Hampel Bad-Tick Filter

A production-minded guide to Hampel Bad-Tick Filter.
9 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
10

Market Data Engineering / Cleaning and Validation

Median Absolute Deviation Outlier Filter

A production-minded guide to Median Absolute Deviation Outlier Filter.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
11

Market Data Engineering / Cleaning and Validation

Stale-Quote Detector

A production-minded guide to Stale-Quote Detector.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
12

Market Data Engineering / Cleaning and Validation

Duplicate-Trade Resolver

A production-minded guide to Duplicate-Trade Resolver.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
13

Market Data Engineering / Cleaning and Validation

Crossed/Locked Market Detector

A production-minded guide to Crossed/Locked Market Detector.
10 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
14

Market Data Engineering / Time Synchronization

Previous-Tick Interpolation

A production-minded guide to Previous-Tick Interpolation.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
15

Market Data Engineering / Time Synchronization

Linear Quote Interpolation

A production-minded guide to Linear Quote Interpolation.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
16

Market Data Engineering / Time Synchronization

Refresh-Time Sampling

A production-minded guide to Refresh-Time Sampling.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
17

Market Data Engineering / Time Synchronization

Exchange-Calendar Alignment

A production-minded guide to Exchange-Calendar Alignment.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
18

Market Data Engineering / Time Synchronization

Asynchronous Return Alignment

A production-minded guide to Asynchronous Return Alignment.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
19

Market Data Engineering / Data Quality

Missing-Bar Gap Classifier

A production-minded guide to Missing-Bar Gap Classifier.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
20

Market Data Engineering / Data Quality

Feed-Latency Monitor

A production-minded guide to Feed-Latency Monitor.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
21

Market Data Engineering / Data Quality

Price-Source Consensus Check

A production-minded guide to Price-Source Consensus Check.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
22

Market Data Engineering / Data Quality

Schema-Drift Detector: Catch Structural and Semantic Contract Changes

A production-minded guide to Schema-Drift Detector: Catch Structural and Semantic Contract Changes.
8 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
23

Market Data Engineering / Data Quality

Point-in-Time Availability Guard

A production-minded guide to Point-in-Time Availability Guard.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
24

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Adjustment Factors

Backward Split Adjustment

A production-minded guide to Backward Split Adjustment.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
25

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Adjustment Factors

Forward Split Adjustment: carry later observations onto an earlier share basis

A production-minded guide to Forward Split Adjustment: carry later observations onto an earlier share basis.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
26

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Adjustment Factors

Cash-Dividend Total-Return Adjustment: From Price Drop to Exact Return

A production-minded guide to Cash-Dividend Total-Return Adjustment: From Price Drop to Exact Return.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
27

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Adjustment Factors

CRSP Cumulative Price Adjustment: Respect the Vendor Basis, Sign, and Gaps

A production-minded guide to CRSP Cumulative Price Adjustment: Respect the Vendor Basis, Sign, and Gaps.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
28

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Adjustment Factors

CRSP Cumulative Share/Volume Adjustment

A production-minded guide to CRSP Cumulative Share/Volume Adjustment.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
29

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Complex Distributions

Rights-Issue TERP Adjustment

Calculate TERP without confusing a methodology reference price with a traded ex-rights price.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
30

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Complex Distributions

Spin-Off Price Adjustment: Separate Parent Price from Distributed Value

A production-minded guide to Spin-Off Price Adjustment: Separate Parent Price from Distributed Value.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
31

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Complex Distributions

Stock-Dividend Adjustment: Convert Price and Quantity Bases Without Inventing Value

A production-minded guide to Stock-Dividend Adjustment: Convert Price and Quantity Bases Without Inventing Value.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
32

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Complex Distributions

Special-Dividend Adjustment: Preserve Return Meaning Across the Ex-Date

A production-minded guide to Special-Dividend Adjustment: Preserve Return Meaning Across the Ex-Date.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
33

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Complex Distributions

Return-of-Capital Adjustment: Keep Price, Return, and Tax Views Separate

Build a point-in-time capital-repayment factor without turning an index convention into a universal tax rule.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
34

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Identity Continuity

Permanent Security Identifier Mapping: Scoped, Effective-Dated Crosswalks

A production-minded guide to Permanent Security Identifier Mapping: Scoped, Effective-Dated Crosswalks.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
35

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Identity Continuity

Ticker-Change Chain Resolution

A production-minded guide to Ticker-Change Chain Resolution.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
36

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Identity Continuity

Share-Class Relationship Mapping: Same Issuer Does Not Mean Same Security

A production-minded guide to Share-Class Relationship Mapping: Same Issuer Does Not Mean Same Security.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
37

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Identity Continuity

Merger Predecessor/Successor Mapping: Preserve Identity and Entitlements Without Inventing Continuity

A production-minded guide to Merger Predecessor/Successor Mapping: Preserve Identity and Entitlements Without Inventing Continuity.
9 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
38

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Identity Continuity

Delisting Return Reconstruction: Separate Observed Proceeds from Estimates

A production-minded guide to Delisting Return Reconstruction: Separate Observed Proceeds from Estimates.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
39

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Point-in-Time Universe

Historical Constituent Reconstruction: Rebuild the Roster Without Looking Ahead

Use effective time and knowledge time to reconstruct an index roster without today's constituents, later corrections, or silent gap filling.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
40

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Point-in-Time Universe

Survivorship-Bias Guard: Keep Historical Failures in the Test

Build a bitemporal universe guard that retains exited securities, rejects current-roster-only scopes, and separates membership from missing returns.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
41

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Point-in-Time Universe

IPO Availability Timestamping: Separate Listing Events from Research Knowledge

A production-minded guide to IPO Availability Timestamping: Separate Listing Events from Research Knowledge.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
42

Corporate Actions and Security Master Data / Point-in-Time Universe

Filing-Revision Versioning

A production-minded guide to Filing-Revision Versioning.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
43

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Index Initialization and Continuity

Base-Date/Base-Value Initialization

A production-minded guide to Base-Date/Base-Value Initialization.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
44

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Index Initialization and Continuity

Index Divisor Initialization

A production-minded guide to Index Divisor Initialization.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
45

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Index Initialization and Continuity

Divisor Continuity Adjustment

A production-minded guide to Divisor Continuity Adjustment.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
46

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Index Initialization and Continuity

Corporate-Action Divisor Bridge

A production-minded guide to Corporate-Action Divisor Bridge.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
47

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Index Initialization and Continuity

Intraday Index-Level Calculation

A production-minded guide to Intraday Index-Level Calculation.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
48

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Weighting and Capping

Price-Weighted Index

A production-minded guide to Price-Weighted Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
49

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Weighting and Capping

Total-Market-Cap Index

A production-minded guide to Total-Market-Cap Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
50

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Weighting and Capping

Free-Float Market-Cap Index

A production-minded guide to Free-Float Market-Cap Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
51

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Weighting and Capping

Capped Free-Float Market-Cap Index

A production-minded guide to Capped Free-Float Market-Cap Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
52

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Weighting and Capping

Modified Market-Cap Index

A production-minded guide to Modified Market-Cap Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
53

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Weighting and Capping

Equal-Weight Index

A production-minded guide to Equal-Weight Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
54

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Weighting and Capping

Iterative Cap Redistribution

A production-minded guide to Iterative Cap Redistribution.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
55

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Weighting and Capping

Group-Level Capping

A production-minded guide to Group-Level Capping.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
56

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Alternative Weighting

Fundamental-Weighted Index

A production-minded guide to Fundamental-Weighted Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
57

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Alternative Weighting

Dividend-Yield-Weighted Index

A production-minded guide to Dividend-Yield-Weighted Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
58

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Alternative Weighting

Factor-Score-Weighted Index

A production-minded guide to Factor-Score-Weighted Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
59

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Alternative Weighting

Minimum-Volatility Index

A production-minded guide to Minimum-Volatility Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
60

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Alternative Weighting

Equal-Risk-Contribution Index

A production-minded guide to Equal-Risk-Contribution Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
61

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Alternative Weighting

Thematic-Tilt Index

A production-minded guide to Thematic-Tilt Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
62

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Return Variants

Price-Return Index

A production-minded guide to Price-Return Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
63

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Return Variants

Gross Total-Return Index

A production-minded guide to Gross Total-Return Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
64

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Return Variants

Net Total-Return Index

A production-minded guide to Net Total-Return Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
65

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Return Variants

Excess-Return Index

A production-minded guide to Excess-Return Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
66

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Return Variants

Dividend-Point Index

A production-minded guide to Dividend-Point Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
67

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Return Variants

Currency-Converted Index

A production-minded guide to Currency-Converted Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
68

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Return Variants

Currency-Hedged Index

A production-minded guide to Currency-Hedged Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
69

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Strategy Indices

Leveraged Daily-Reset Index

A production-minded guide to Leveraged Daily-Reset Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
70

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Strategy Indices

Inverse Daily-Reset Index

A production-minded guide to Inverse Daily-Reset Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
71

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Strategy Indices

Volatility-Control Index

A production-minded guide to Volatility-Control Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
72

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Strategy Indices

Fixed-Decrement Index

A production-minded guide to Fixed-Decrement Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
73

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Strategy Indices

Percentage-Decrement Index

A production-minded guide to Percentage-Decrement Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
74

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Strategy Indices

Index-of-Indices

A production-minded guide to Index-of-Indices.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
75

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Governance and Maintenance

Eligibility Screen

A production-minded guide to Eligibility Screen.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
76

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Governance and Maintenance

Liquidity Screen

A production-minded guide to Liquidity Screen.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
77

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Governance and Maintenance

Free-Float Factor Calculation

A production-minded guide to Free-Float Factor Calculation.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
78

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Governance and Maintenance

IPO Fast-Entry Rule

A production-minded guide to IPO Fast-Entry Rule.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
79

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Governance and Maintenance

Reconstitution Algorithm

A production-minded guide to Reconstitution Algorithm.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
80

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Governance and Maintenance

Rebalancing Algorithm

A production-minded guide to Rebalancing Algorithm.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
81

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Governance and Maintenance

Turnover Buffer Rule

A production-minded guide to Turnover Buffer Rule.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
82

Index and Benchmark Engineering / Governance and Maintenance

Index Replication-Cost Estimator

A production-minded guide to Index Replication-Cost Estimator.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
83

Market Breadth and Internals / Advance/Decline Breadth

Net Advances: Count Participation Without Hiding Data Gaps

Build a revision-aware issue-count breadth snapshot that reconciles stable listings and refuses unsupported results.
7 min Python + TypeScriptFoundation
84

Market Breadth and Internals / Advance/Decline Breadth

Advance/Decline Ratio: Advancing Issues per Declining Issue

Calculate advancing issues per declining issue without hiding zero denominators, incomplete coverage, or correction timing.
7 min Python + TypeScriptFoundation
85

Market Breadth and Internals / Advance/Decline Breadth

Cumulative Advance/Decline Line: Recompute History Without Looking Ahead

Build a seeded, calendar-complete, revision-aware cumulative breadth line that refuses to publish incomplete evidence.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
86

Market Breadth and Internals / Advance/Decline Breadth

Normalized Advance/Decline Line: Cumulative (A-D)/(A+D) Breadth

A production-minded guide to Normalized Advance/Decline Line: Cumulative (A-D)/(A+D) Breadth.
8 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
87

Market Breadth and Internals / Advance/Decline Breadth

Absolute Breadth Index

A production-minded guide to Absolute Breadth Index.
8 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
88

Market Breadth and Internals / McClellan Family

Traditional McClellan Oscillator: Compare Fast and Slow Raw Breadth

A production-minded guide to Traditional McClellan Oscillator: Compare Fast and Slow Raw Breadth.
13 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
89

Market Breadth and Internals / McClellan Family

Ratio-Adjusted McClellan Oscillator

A production-minded guide to Ratio-Adjusted McClellan Oscillator.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
90

Market Breadth and Internals / McClellan Family

Traditional McClellan Summation Index

A production-minded guide to Traditional McClellan Summation Index.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
91

Market Breadth and Internals / McClellan Family

Ratio-Adjusted Summation Index (RASI)

A production-minded guide to Ratio-Adjusted Summation Index (RASI).
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
92

Market Breadth and Internals / McClellan Family

McClellan Volume Oscillator

A production-minded guide to McClellan Volume Oscillator.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
93

Market Breadth and Internals / McClellan Family

McClellan Volume Summation Index

A production-minded guide to McClellan Volume Summation Index.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
94

Market Breadth and Internals / High/Low and Trend Breadth

New Highs–New Lows

A production-minded guide to New Highs–New Lows.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
95

Market Breadth and Internals / High/Low and Trend Breadth

High-Low Ratio

A production-minded guide to High-Low Ratio.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
96

Market Breadth and Internals / High/Low and Trend Breadth

High-Low Index

A production-minded guide to High-Low Index.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
97

Market Breadth and Internals / High/Low and Trend Breadth

Percent Above 20-Day MA

A production-minded guide to Percent Above 20-Day MA.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
98

Market Breadth and Internals / High/Low and Trend Breadth

Percent Above 50-Day MA

A production-minded guide to Percent Above 50-Day MA.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
99

Market Breadth and Internals / High/Low and Trend Breadth

Percent Above 200-Day MA

A production-minded guide to Percent Above 200-Day MA.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
100

Market Breadth and Internals / Thrust and Pressure

Zweig Breadth Thrust

A production-minded guide to Zweig Breadth Thrust.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
101

Market Breadth and Internals / Thrust and Pressure

Arms Index (TRIN)

A production-minded guide to Arms Index (TRIN).
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
102

Market Breadth and Internals / Thrust and Pressure

Advance/Decline Volume Line

A production-minded guide to Advance/Decline Volume Line.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
103

Market Breadth and Internals / Thrust and Pressure

Upside/Downside Volume Ratio

A production-minded guide to Upside/Downside Volume Ratio.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
104

Market Breadth and Internals / Thrust and Pressure

Cumulative TICK

A production-minded guide to Cumulative TICK.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
105

Market Breadth and Internals / Thrust and Pressure

Breadth-Divergence Detector

A production-minded guide to Breadth-Divergence Detector.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
106

Market Breadth and Internals / Concentration and Diffusion

Top-N Index Contribution

A production-minded guide to Top-N Index Contribution.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
107

Market Breadth and Internals / Concentration and Diffusion

Herfindahl Constituent Concentration

A production-minded guide to Herfindahl Constituent Concentration.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
108

Market Breadth and Internals / Concentration and Diffusion

Effective Number of Constituents

A production-minded guide to Effective Number of Constituents.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
109

Market Breadth and Internals / Concentration and Diffusion

Sector Diffusion Index

A production-minded guide to Sector Diffusion Index.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
110

Market Breadth and Internals / Concentration and Diffusion

Factor Diffusion Index

A production-minded guide to Factor Diffusion Index.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
111

Price Action and Candlesticks / Candle Foundations

Candle Anatomy

A production-minded guide to Candle Anatomy.
8 min Python + TypeScriptFoundation
112

Price Action and Candlesticks / Candle Foundations

Scale-Aware Body Classification

A production-minded guide to Scale-Aware Body Classification.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
113

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

Simple Moving Average (SMA): Define the Window Before the Mean

A production-minded guide to Simple Moving Average (SMA): Define the Window Before the Mean.
12 min Python + TypeScriptFoundation
114

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

Exponential Moving Average (EMA)

A production-minded guide to Exponential Moving Average (EMA).
11 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
115

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

Weighted Moving Average (WMA): Newest-Heavy Linear Smoothing

A production-minded guide to Weighted Moving Average (WMA): Newest-Heavy Linear Smoothing.
10 min Python + TypeScriptFoundation
116

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

Wilder RMA: SMA-Seeded Alpha 1/n Smoothing

Derive, implement, and verify an SMA-seeded Wilder moving average without hiding initialization or state.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
117

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA): Reduced Lag and Overshoot

A production-minded guide to Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA): Reduced Lag and Overshoot.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
118

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA): Layered Warm-Up and Signed Weights

A production-minded guide to Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA): Layered Warm-Up and Signed Weights.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
119

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

Hull MA

A production-minded guide to Hull MA.
8 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
120

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA)

A production-minded guide to Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA).
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
121

Technical Indicators / Trend Smoothing

MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA)

A reproducible MAMA tutorial covering Hilbert phase, adaptive alpha, warm-up, Python and TypeScript, edge cases, and a 144-point laboratory.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
122

Technical Indicators / Trend Systems

MACD: Read the Spreads Before You Read the Signals

A production-minded guide to MACD: Read the Spreads Before You Read the Signals.
15 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
123

Technical Indicators / Trend Systems

Percentage Price Oscillator (PPO): Normalize the MACD Spread

PPO divides the fast-minus-slow exponential moving-average spread by the slow EMA, turning a price-unit gap into a percentage. This makes the oscillator comparable across positive price scales while preserving the sign of the underlying EMA relationship.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
124

Technical Indicators / Trend Systems

Aroon Up, Down, and Oscillator: Measure Extreme Recency

Aroon measures how recently a rolling window produced its highest high and lowest low. It does not measure the distance price traveled; it maps the age of each extreme onto a 0–100 scale.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
125

Technical Indicators / Trend Systems

Directional Movement: From True Range to +DI, −DI, and DX

Wilder's Directional Movement system assigns each bar's winning outside move to +DM or −DM, normalizes smoothed movement by smoothed true range, and turns the separation between +DI and −DI into DX.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
126

Technical Indicators / Trend Systems

Average Directional Index (ADX): Smooth DX Without Inventing Direction

ADX is Wilder's recursive average of DX. It smooths the magnitude of +DI/−DI separation and therefore describes directional organization without saying whether the dominant side is up or down.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
127

Technical Indicators / Trend Systems

Ichimoku Cloud: Separate Range Midpoints from Plot-Time Displacement

Ichimoku combines rolling high-low midpoints with deliberate plotting displacement. The forward cloud contains values calculated from already observed data; the backward Chikou line is today's close drawn at an earlier chart coordinate.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
128

Technical Indicators / Trend Systems

Parabolic SAR: Audit the Stop, Extreme Point, and Acceleration Factor

Parabolic SAR projects a trailing stop toward the active trend's extreme point. Each strict new extreme raises the acceleration factor, while a price penetration reverses the state and resets acceleration.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
129

Technical Indicators / Trend Systems

Supertrend: Trace ATR Bands, Ratchets, and Direction Flips

Supertrend builds basic ATR bands around the bar midpoint, ratchets them with previous-band rules, and activates one band according to a recursive direction state.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
130

Technical Indicators / Momentum

Relative Strength Index (RSI)

A production-minded guide to Relative Strength Index (RSI).
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
131

Technical Indicators / Momentum

Stochastic Oscillator

A production-minded guide to Stochastic Oscillator.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
132

Technical Indicators / Momentum

Stochastic RSI

A production-minded guide to Stochastic RSI.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
133

Technical Indicators / Momentum

Williams %R

A production-minded guide to Williams %R.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
134

Technical Indicators / Momentum

Commodity Channel Index (CCI)

A production-minded guide to Commodity Channel Index (CCI).
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
135

Technical Indicators / Momentum

Ultimate Oscillator

A production-minded guide to Ultimate Oscillator.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
136

Technical Indicators / Momentum

True Strength Index (TSI)

A production-minded guide to True Strength Index (TSI).
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
137

Technical Indicators / Momentum

Connors RSI

A production-minded guide to Connors RSI.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
138

Technical Indicators / Volatility and Channels

True Range

A production-minded guide to True Range.
5 min Python + TypeScriptFoundation
139

Technical Indicators / Volatility and Channels

Average True Range (ATR)

A production-minded guide to Average True Range (ATR).
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
140

Technical Indicators / Volatility and Channels

Bollinger Bands

A production-minded guide to Bollinger Bands.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
141

Technical Indicators / Volatility and Channels

Keltner Channels

A production-minded guide to Keltner Channels.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
142

Technical Indicators / Volatility and Channels

Donchian Channels

A production-minded guide to Donchian Channels.
5 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
143

Technical Indicators / Volatility and Channels

Bollinger BandWidth

A production-minded guide to Bollinger BandWidth.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
144

Technical Indicators / Volume Indicators

On-Balance Volume (OBV)

A production-minded guide to On-Balance Volume (OBV).
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
145

Technical Indicators / Volume Indicators

Accumulation/Distribution Line

A production-minded guide to Accumulation/Distribution Line.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
146

Technical Indicators / Volume Indicators

Chaikin Money Flow

A production-minded guide to Chaikin Money Flow.
9 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
147

Technical Indicators / Volume Indicators

Money Flow Index

A production-minded guide to Money Flow Index.
9 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
148

Technical Indicators / Volume Indicators

Volume Price Trend

A production-minded guide to Volume Price Trend.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
149

Technical Indicators / Volume Indicators

Force Index

A production-minded guide to Force Index.
9 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
150

Geometric Chart Patterns / Pivots and Levels

Causal Pivot Detection

A production-minded guide to Causal Pivot Detection.
8 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
151

Geometric Chart Patterns / Pivots and Levels

ZigZag Segmentation

A production-minded guide to ZigZag Segmentation.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
152

Geometric Chart Patterns / Pivots and Levels

Support/Resistance Clustering

A production-minded guide to Support/Resistance Clustering.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
153

Geometric Chart Patterns / Pivots and Levels

Robust Trendline Fitting

A production-minded guide to Robust Trendline Fitting.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
154

Geometric Chart Patterns / Reversal Structures

Double Top

A production-minded guide to Double Top.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
155

Geometric Chart Patterns / Reversal Structures

Double Bottom

A production-minded guide to Double Bottom.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
156

Geometric Chart Patterns / Reversal Structures

Triple Top

A production-minded guide to Triple Top.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
157

Geometric Chart Patterns / Reversal Structures

Triple Bottom

A production-minded guide to Triple Bottom.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
158

Geometric Chart Patterns / Reversal Structures

Head and Shoulders

A production-minded guide to Head and Shoulders.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
159

Geometric Chart Patterns / Reversal Structures

Inverse Head and Shoulders

A production-minded guide to Inverse Head and Shoulders.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
160

Statistical Time Series / Diagnostics

ACF

A production-minded guide to ACF.
6 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
161

Statistical Time Series / Diagnostics

PACF

A production-minded guide to PACF.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
162

Statistical Time Series / Diagnostics

Augmented Dickey-Fuller

A production-minded guide to Augmented Dickey-Fuller.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
163

Statistical Time Series / Diagnostics

KPSS

A production-minded guide to KPSS.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
164

Statistical Time Series / Diagnostics

Ljung-Box

A production-minded guide to Ljung-Box.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
165

Statistical Time Series / Diagnostics

Zivot-Andrews Break Test

A production-minded guide to Zivot-Andrews Break Test.
6 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
166

Statistical Time Series / Forecast Models

AutoReg

A production-minded guide to AutoReg.
7 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
167

Statistical Time Series / Forecast Models

ARMA

A production-minded guide to ARMA.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
168

Statistical Time Series / Forecast Models

ARIMA

A production-minded guide to ARIMA.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
169

Statistical Time Series / Forecast Models

SARIMA/SARIMAX

A production-minded guide to SARIMA/SARIMAX.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
170

Statistical Time Series / Forecast Models

Holt-Winters

A production-minded guide to Holt-Winters.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
171

Statistical Time Series / Forecast Models

Theta Forecast

A production-minded guide to Theta Forecast.
7 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
172

Statistical Time Series / Multivariate Systems

VAR

A production-minded guide to VAR.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
173

Statistical Time Series / Multivariate Systems

Structural VAR

A production-minded guide to Structural VAR.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
174

Statistical Time Series / Multivariate Systems

VECM

A production-minded guide to VECM.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
175

Statistical Time Series / Multivariate Systems

Impulse-Response Analysis

A production-minded guide to Impulse-Response Analysis.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
176

Statistical Time Series / Multivariate Systems

Forecast-Error Variance Decomposition

A production-minded guide to Forecast-Error Variance Decomposition.
5 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
177

Statistical Time Series / State and Regime Models

Kalman Filter

A production-minded guide to Kalman Filter.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
178

Statistical Time Series / State and Regime Models

Extended Kalman Filter

A production-minded guide to Extended Kalman Filter.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
179

Statistical Time Series / State and Regime Models

Unscented Kalman Filter

A production-minded guide to Unscented Kalman Filter.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
180

Statistical Time Series / State and Regime Models

Hidden Markov Model

A production-minded guide to Hidden Markov Model.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
181

Statistical Time Series / State and Regime Models

Markov-Switching Autoregression

A production-minded guide to Markov-Switching Autoregression.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
182

Statistical Time Series / State and Regime Models

Bayesian Change-Point Detection

A production-minded guide to Bayesian Change-Point Detection.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
183

Earnings and Per-Share Analytics / Earnings and Share Foundations

Stock-Split/Consolidation EPS Restatement

Restate Basic EPS after stock splits and share consolidations with exact factors, basis-aware event selection, reporting cutoffs, and reproducible controls.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
184

Earnings and Per-Share Analytics / Earnings and Share Foundations

Basic EPS

A production-minded guide to Basic EPS.
9 min Python + TypeScriptIntermediate
185

Earnings and Per-Share Analytics / Basic and Diluted EPS

If-Converted Convertible-Preference Dilution

Build the exact if-converted EPS candidate, handle timing correctly, and know when apparent dilution must be excluded.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
186

Earnings and Per-Share Analytics / Basic and Diluted EPS

Treasury-Share Method for Options/Warrants

Build an exact diluted-EPS denominator bridge without blending US-GAAP and IAS 33 proceeds rules.
8 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced
187

Earnings and Per-Share Analytics / Basic and Diluted EPS

Contingently Issuable Shares: Current-Conditions EPS Test

Route legal status, freeze reporting-date conditions, weight effective terms, and test contingent shares for diluted EPS without hindsight.
10 min Python + TypeScriptAdvanced