The concept layer.
Defined once.
Every algorithm rests on concepts that must mean exactly one thing. This glossary defines them once — with scope, formula, units, evidence, and the topics that depend on them — so the same word never quietly changes meaning between an article, a data contract, and a line of code.
A
- Absolute Breadth IndexIndicatorAbsolute Breadth Index is the absolute value of advancing issues minus declining issues.Also: ABI
- Absolute Net AdvancesFormula componentAbsolute Net Advances is the unsigned magnitude of net advances.Also: absolute A-D
- AcquisitionFinancial conceptAn acquisition is a transaction in which one entity obtains control of another business or its assets under stated terms.Also: takeover
- Adjusted PriceMarket data fieldAdjusted price is a transformed price expressed on a declared comparison basis after applying specified corporate-action or other adjustment factors.Also: adjusted historical price, corporate-action-adjusted price
- Advance-Decline Issue RatioFormula componentAdvance-Decline Issue Ratio is the number of advancing issues divided by the number of declining issues.Also: A/D ratio
- Advance/Decline Volume LineIndicatorAdvance/Decline Volume Line is a cumulative series formed by adding each session's up volume minus down volume.Also: A/D Volume Line, ADVL
- Advancing IssueMarket data fieldAn advancing issue is an eligible security whose comparable price is above its prior comparable close.Also: advancing stock
- Arms IndexIndicatorArms Index compares the advance-decline issue ratio with the upside-downside volume ratio.Also: TRIN, Trading Index
- As-Reported DataEvidence conceptAs-reported data preserves a value as disclosed in a specific filing version without silently replacing it with a later revision.Also: originally reported data, reported vintage
- Ask PriceMarket data fieldAsk price is the price associated with displayed or reported selling interest in a quote.Also: ask, offer price
- Availability TimeMarket data fieldAvailability time is the earliest evidenced instant at which information was usable by a specified system or decision process.Also: available time, knowledge time
- Average Daily Traded ValueFormula componentAverage daily traded value is the average eligible monetary value of trades over a declared set of trading days.Also: ADTV, average daily value traded
B
- BarFinancial conceptA bar is an aggregate summary of eligible market events grouped by a declared sampling rule.Also: price bar, market bar
- Base CurrencyMarket data fieldBase currency is the currency unit in which a multi-currency index, portfolio, or report expresses consolidated values.Also: index base currency, reporting currency
- Base DateMarket data fieldBase date is the reference date associated with an index's chosen starting level or historical normalization.Also: index base date
- Base ValueFormula componentBase value is the chosen numerical level assigned to an index at its base date.Also: index base value, starting index level
- BenchmarkFinancial conceptA benchmark is a governed reference value or series used to measure, price, allocate, or compare financial activity.Also: financial benchmark, reference benchmark
- Bid PriceMarket data fieldBid price is the price associated with displayed or reported buying interest in a quote.Also: bid
- Bid-Ask SpreadFormula componentThe bid-ask spread is the difference between the ask price and bid price for a comparable quote state.Also: bid offer spread, quoted spread
- Book ValueFinancial conceptBook value is an accounting equity or net-asset measure defined from reported assets and liabilities for a stated entity scope.Also: accounting book value, shareholders equity basis
- Breadth DivergenceIndicatorBreadth Divergence is a rule-defined disagreement between a price trend and a market-breadth trend.Also: price-breadth divergence
- Breadth RatioFormula componentBreadth Ratio is advancing issues divided by the sum of advancing and declining issues.Also: advances share
- Breadth Scale FactorFormula componentThe breadth scale factor multiplies a normalized issue-balance ratio into a declared reporting scale.Also: normalization multiplier
- Breadth ThrustIndicatorBreadth Thrust is a rapid, rule-defined increase in market-breadth participation over a limited interval.Also: breadth surge
- Breadth TrendFinancial conceptBreadth Trend is the direction and structure of a chosen market-breadth measure under a specified trend rule.Also: market breadth trend
- Buffer RuleAlgorithmA buffer rule reduces unnecessary index changes by applying retention zones or different entry and exit thresholds.Also: turnover buffer, index buffer
- Business DayFinancial conceptA business day is a date considered operational for a specified market, institution, currency, or contractual process.Also: working day
C
- Capped IndexFinancial conceptA capped index applies one or more limits to constituent or group weights under a declared redistribution method.Also: weight-capped index
- Cash DividendFinancial conceptA cash dividend is a dividend paid as a monetary amount per eligible security or holding.Also: cash distribution
- Cash RateMarket data fieldA cash rate is the declared rate used to model the return on a cash or financing component.Also: cash return rate, cash benchmark rate
- Causal Knowledge CutoffEvidence conceptThe time boundary that prevents information unavailable at that moment from influencing a calculation.Also: Calculation as-of, Decision time
- Compounding Path DependencyFinancial conceptCompounding path dependency means a multi-period result depends on the sequence of periodic returns, not only their arithmetic sum.Also: path-dependent compounding, volatility drag
- Concentration MeasureStatistical methodConcentration Measure quantifies how much a total is dominated by relatively few members of a population.Also: concentration metric
- Constituent ConcentrationFinancial conceptConstituent Concentration describes how unevenly index weight or another declared exposure is distributed across constituents.Also: index constituent concentration
- Contribution ShareFormula componentContribution Share is the selected contributors' absolute contribution divided by total absolute constituent contribution.Also: top-N contribution share
- Corporate ActionFinancial conceptA corporate action is an issuer or security event that changes rights, quantities, cash flows, identity, or trading terms.Also: issuer action, corporate event
- Corporate Action Effective DateMarket data fieldA corporate action effective date is the market or legal date from which the declared event treatment applies.Also: action effective date, effective date
- Covariance MatrixFormula componentA covariance matrix organizes the variances and pairwise covariances of a declared set of variables.Also: return covariance matrix
- Cumulative ReturnFormula componentCumulative return is the total compounded change across a sequence of periodic returns.Also: compounded return, multi-period return
- Cumulative Starting LevelFormula componentThe declared initial constant from which a cumulative recurrence begins before accepted increments are added.Also: Accumulation seed, Initial cumulative constant
- Cumulative StateImplementation conceptA persisted running value updated by adding each newly accepted increment to the previous accumulated value.Also: Running accumulated state
- Cumulative TICKIndicatorCumulative TICK is a running total of Market TICK observations over a declared accumulation interval.Also: cumulative market TICK
- Currency ConversionFormula componentCurrency conversion transforms a monetary value from one currency into another using a declared foreign-exchange rate and direction.Also: FX conversion
- Currency HedgeFinancial conceptA currency hedge is a position or rule intended to offset some or all changes in value caused by exchange-rate movements.Also: FX hedge, foreign-exchange hedge
- Currency-Converted IndexFinancial conceptA currency-converted index expresses an index's constituent values or level in a selected base currency without necessarily hedging currency exposure.Also: converted-currency index
- Currency-Hedged IndexFinancial conceptA currency-hedged index combines an underlying index exposure with a rules-based currency hedge from a selected investor currency perspective.Also: hedged-currency index
D
- Daily ResetImplementation conceptDaily reset recalibrates a strategy's exposure to its target at each declared daily calculation boundary.Also: daily rebalancing reset
- Data LineageEvidence conceptData lineage records where data came from, how it was transformed, and which entities, activities, and agents affected it.Also: provenance, transformation lineage
- Data ReconciliationImplementation conceptData reconciliation is the controlled comparison of records or aggregates across sources or processing stages to explain differences.Also: reconciliation, source reconciliation
- Declining IssueMarket data fieldA declining issue is an eligible security whose comparable price is below its prior comparable close.Also: declining stock
- Decrement IndexFinancial conceptA decrement index starts from an underlying return series and subtracts a predefined fixed or percentage decrement over time.Also: synthetic dividend decrement index
- DelistingFinancial conceptDelisting is the removal of a security's listing from a trading venue.Also: exchange delisting, listing removal
- Diffusion IndexStatistical methodDiffusion Index summarizes the balance of increases, unchanged observations, and decreases across a population.Also: diffusion measure
- DividendFinancial conceptA dividend is a distribution of value by an issuer to eligible holders of a security.Also: shareholder distribution
- Dividend PointsFormula componentDividend points express eligible constituent dividends as a contribution measured in the point scale of an index.Also: index dividend points
- Dividend WeightFormula componentDividend weight is a constituent weight derived from its eligible dividend amount relative to the aggregate eligible dividends.Also: dividend amount weight
- Dividend YieldFormula componentDividend yield relates a declared dividend amount to a specified reference price.Also: cash dividend yield
- Dividend-Point IndexFinancial conceptA dividend-point index measures eligible dividend contributions in index points under a declared constituent and divisor methodology.Also: dividend points index
- Dividend-Yield WeightingFinancial conceptDividend-yield weighting assigns constituent weights using a declared dividend-yield measure.Also: yield weighting
- Dominant ConstituentFinancial conceptDominant Constituent is the constituent with the largest value under a declared weight, exposure, or contribution basis.Also: largest index constituent
- Down VolumeMarket data fieldDown Volume is reported share volume allocated to declining issues under a declared methodology.Also: declining share volume
- DowntickMarket data fieldDowntick is a trade-price classification indicating a decrease from the applicable comparison price.Also: down tick
- Duplicate RecordData quality conceptA duplicate record is an additional representation of the same logical event or state under a declared identity rule.Also: duplicate event, duplicate row
E
- Effective Number of ConstituentsIndicatorEffective Number of Constituents is the reciprocal of HHI when constituent shares are nonnegative and normalized to sum to one.Also: effective constituent count, inverse HHI
- Effective TimeMarket data fieldEffective time is the instant or interval boundary from which a rule, status, or fact applies in its modeled business domain.Also: valid-from time, effective timestamp
- Eligibility RuleImplementation conceptAn eligibility rule is a test that determines whether an instrument can enter or remain in a defined universe or index.Also: index eligibility criterion, eligibility screen
- Eligible High-Low UniverseImplementation conceptEligible High-Low Universe is the point-in-time set of securities permitted to enter new-high and new-low calculations.Also: high-low eligible population
- Eligible Moving-Average PopulationImplementation conceptEligible Moving-Average Population is the point-in-time set of securities with valid membership, price, and sufficient history for a moving-average comparison.Also: MA breadth denominator
- EMA Period-Label EquivalenceFormula componentEMA period-label equivalence maps a conventional period label to its smoothing constant.Also: EMA span conversion
- Equal Risk ContributionAlgorithmEqual risk contribution is a portfolio condition in which eligible positions contribute equally to the selected portfolio risk measure.Also: ERC, risk parity contribution
- Equal-Weighted IndexFinancial conceptAn equal-weighted index assigns the same target weight to each eligible constituent at a specified rebalance.Also: equal weight index
- Event TimeMarket data fieldEvent time is the timestamp assigned to when a market or business event occurred at its source.Also: source event time, event timestamp
- Ex-Dividend DateMarket data fieldThe ex-dividend date is the effective trading date from which a purchase generally no longer carries entitlement to the declared dividend.Also: ex-date
- Excess ReturnFormula componentExcess return is a return measured relative to a declared cash, funding, or benchmark return.Also: return above financing rate, funded excess return
- ExchangeFinancial conceptAn exchange is a governed trading venue that operates markets under its own rules and applicable regulation.Also: securities exchange
- Exponential Moving AverageStatistical methodAn Exponential Moving Average recursively gives recent observations greater influence than progressively older observations.Also: EMA, exponential average
- Exposure MultiplierFormula componentAn exposure multiplier converts a volatility target and estimate into a target risky-asset exposure subject to declared bounds.Also: volatility scaling multiplier
F
- FactorFinancial conceptFactor is a defined variable used to represent a systematic characteristic, exposure, or source of return variation.Also: risk factor, return factor
- Factor BreadthFinancial conceptFactor Breadth describes how broadly a condition is shared across factor-defined securities, portfolios, or groups.Also: breadth by factor
- Factor Diffusion IndexIndicatorFactor Diffusion Index summarizes how broadly a declared condition is spreading across eligible factor groups.Also: factor diffusion
- Factor ExposureFormula componentFactor Exposure is a quantified relationship between an asset, portfolio, or group and a defined factor.Also: factor loading, factor sensitivity
- Factor GroupImplementation conceptFactor Group is a declared collection or bucket of securities, portfolios, or signals associated with a factor definition.Also: factor bucket
- Factor ScoreFormula componentA factor score is a normalized numerical measure representing an instrument's exposure or ranking on a declared investment characteristic.Also: investment factor score, signal score
- Factor-Score WeightingFinancial conceptFactor-score weighting converts eligible factor scores into constituent weights under a declared transformation and constraint set.Also: score-weighted index
- Filing AmendmentFinancial conceptA filing amendment is an official submission that modifies or supplements a previously filed document.Also: amended filing
- Filing RevisionEvidence conceptA filing revision is a later official filing or amendment that changes, corrects, or supplements information associated with an earlier filing.Also: revision of a filing
- Filing VersionEvidence conceptA filing version is one immutable, source-identified representation in the lifecycle of a regulatory filing.Also: filing vintage, document version
- Financial InstrumentFinancial conceptA financial instrument is a contract or arrangement that creates a financial asset for one party and a corresponding liability or equity interest for another.Also: instrument
- Financing RateMarket data fieldA financing rate is the declared interest rate used to represent the cost or credit of funding an exposure.Also: funding rate, financing cost rate
- Fixed DecrementFormula componentA fixed decrement is a predetermined amount deducted from an index according to a declared accrual schedule.Also: constant index decrement
- Foreign Exchange RateMarket data fieldA foreign exchange rate states the value of one currency in units of another currency under a declared quote convention.Also: FX rate, currency exchange rate
- Forward FillStatistical methodForward fill imputes a missing position with the most recent eligible earlier value.Also: last observation carried forward, LOCF, ffill
- Forward Foreign Exchange ContractFinancial conceptA forward foreign-exchange contract agrees today on exchanging specified currencies at a future date and rate.Also: FX forward, currency forward
- Free-Float FactorFormula componentA free-float factor is a methodology-defined fraction used to represent the portion of shares considered available to public investors.Also: investability weight factor, float factor
- Free-Float Market CapitalizationFormula componentFree-float market capitalization adjusts full market capitalization by the methodology's eligible investable share fraction.Also: float-adjusted market cap, investable market capitalization
- Fundamental MetricFinancial conceptA fundamental metric is a defined accounting or economic measure used to describe an issuer's scale, profitability, financial position, or activity.Also: company fundamental
- Fundamental WeightingFinancial conceptFundamental weighting assigns index weights using company economic or accounting measures rather than current market capitalization alone.Also: fundamental index weighting
G
- Gross ReturnFinancial conceptGross return is a return measured before specified deductions such as withholding tax, fees, or expenses.Also: return before deductions
- Gross Total Return IndexFinancial conceptA gross total return index reinvests eligible distributions before specified withholding-tax deductions.Also: gross return index, GTR index
H
- Hedge RatioFormula componentA hedge ratio is the proportion of a measured exposure targeted for offset by a hedge.Also: currency hedge ratio
- Herfindahl-Hirschman IndexStatistical methodHerfindahl-Hirschman Index is the sum of squared shares across the members of a defined population.Also: HHI
- High-Low BreadthFinancial conceptHigh-Low Breadth describes market participation using counts or transformations of securities making new highs and new lows.Also: new-high/new-low breadth
- High-Low DifferentialFormula componentHigh-Low Differential is the signed difference between new-high and new-low issue counts.Also: new-high/new-low differential
- High-Low IndexIndicatorHigh-Low Index is new highs as a percentage of the combined new-high and new-low count.Also: new-high percentage
- High-Low Observation WindowImplementation conceptHigh-Low Observation Window is the ordered set of observations used to decide whether a price is a new high or low.Also: high-low lookback window
- High-Low RatioIndicatorHigh-Low Ratio compares the number of new highs with the number of new lows by division.Also: new-high/new-low ratio
- Holding Period ReturnFormula componentHolding period return measures the economic gain or loss relative to starting value over a specified ownership interval.Also: HPR
I
- ImputationStatistical methodImputation is the governed estimation or substitution of values where observations are missing.Also: missing-value imputation, data imputation
- Index AllocationFormula componentIndex allocation is the set of weights or exposures assigned to underlying indices within a composite or strategy index.Also: underlying-index weight, strategy allocation
- Index Calculation AgentFinancial conceptAn index calculation agent is the party or system responsible for calculating and disseminating index values under an assigned methodology.Also: calculation agent
- Index ConstituentFinancial conceptAn index constituent is an instrument included in an index for a specified effective interval.Also: constituent, index member
- Index ContributionFormula componentIndex Contribution is a constituent's signed contribution to an index return over a declared period.Also: constituent return contribution
- Index DivisorFormula componentAn index divisor is a maintained scaling denominator that converts an index's aggregate numerator into index points.Also: divisor
- Index LevelMarket data fieldIndex level is the numerical value of an index at a specified calculation time and return variant.Also: index value, index points
- Index Market ValueFormula componentIndex market value is the methodology-defined aggregate value of eligible constituent contributions used in an index calculation.Also: index numerator, aggregate index market value
- Index MethodologyEvidence conceptAn index methodology is the governed rule set defining an index's objective, selection, weighting, calculation, maintenance, and review.Also: index rulebook, benchmark methodology
- Index of IndicesFinancial conceptAn index of indices uses other index series as its underlying components under a declared allocation methodology.Also: index-of-indexes, composite index of indices
- Index RebalancingAlgorithmIndex rebalancing changes constituent quantities, factors, or target weights according to a scheduled or event-driven methodology.Also: rebalance, index rebalance
- Index ReconstitutionAlgorithmIndex reconstitution rebuilds or materially refreshes index membership according to eligibility and selection rules.Also: reconstitution, constituent reconstitution
- Index Replication CostFormula componentIndex replication cost estimates the trading and operational cost of maintaining a portfolio that follows an index.Also: index implementation cost, rebalance cost estimate
- Index ReviewFinancial conceptAn index review is a governed evaluation of constituents, data, factors, or methodology according to a declared schedule and process.Also: periodic index review, methodology review cycle
- Index TurnoverFormula componentIndex turnover measures the amount of constituent weight or notional that changes between two portfolio states under a declared convention.Also: rebalance turnover, one-way turnover
- Index WeightFormula componentIndex weight is a constituent's proportional contribution basis within an index at a specified calculation state.Also: constituent weight, portfolio weight
- Instrument CurrencyMarket data fieldInstrument currency is the currency in which a financial instrument's contractual amounts or reference terms are denominated.Also: denomination currency, security currency
- InterpolationStatistical methodInterpolation estimates a value between known observations according to a declared mathematical rule.Also: interpolated value
- Inverse IndexFinancial conceptAn inverse index targets a negative multiple of an underlying index's periodic return under a declared reset methodology.Also: short index, inverse daily-reset index
- IPO Fast EntryAlgorithmIPO fast entry is a rule allowing a qualifying newly listed security to join an index before the next ordinary review or reconstitution.Also: fast-entry rule, early IPO inclusion
- IssuerFinancial conceptAn issuer is the legal entity or other organization responsible for creating and honoring a financial instrument.Also: issuing entity
L
- Last Traded PriceMarket data fieldLast traded price is the price of the most recent trade that qualifies under a stated source and eligibility policy.Also: last price, last sale price
- Late-Arriving DataData quality conceptLate-arriving data is a record that reaches a processing boundary after the expected time for its event, partition, or decision window.Also: delayed data, late record
- LeverageFormula componentLeverage is the ratio of economic exposure to the capital, net asset value, or index base supporting it.Also: exposure leverage, leverage ratio
- Leveraged IndexFinancial conceptA leveraged index targets a declared multiple of an underlying index's periodic return, usually with daily reset and financing effects.Also: leveraged daily-reset index
- LiquidityFinancial conceptLiquidity is the ability to trade an instrument in desired size and time without excessive price impact, cost, or execution uncertainty.Also: market liquidity
- Liquidity ScreenAlgorithmA liquidity screen applies declared market-activity and tradability criteria to determine index or universe eligibility.Also: liquidity eligibility screen
- ListingFinancial conceptA listing is the effective-dated relationship that makes a security available under specified terms on a trading venue.Also: exchange listing, listed line
- Local CurrencyMarket data fieldLocal currency is the declared currency in which a constituent's selected price, return, or market value is measured before portfolio-level conversion.Also: constituent local currency
- Log ReturnFormula componentLog return is the natural logarithm of the ratio between ending and starting positive values.Also: continuously compounded return, logarithmic return
- Lookback HighFormula componentLookback High is the maximum eligible observation inside a declared trailing window.Also: rolling maximum
- Lookback LowFormula componentLookback Low is the minimum eligible observation inside a declared trailing window.Also: rolling minimum
M
- Market BreadthFinancial conceptMarket breadth describes how widely a market movement is shared across its eligible securities.Also: market participation breadth
- Market CapitalizationFormula componentMarket capitalization is a security or company's equity value measure based on price multiplied by a declared share count.Also: market cap, full market capitalization
- Market CloseMarket data fieldMarket close is the venue-defined boundary or auction event that ends a specified trading session.Also: session close, closing time
- Market Data FeedImplementation conceptA market data feed is a source-defined stream or delivery product carrying market events, reference data, or aggregates.Also: data feed, market feed
- Market IndexFinancial conceptA market index is a governed numerical measure designed to represent the performance or state of a defined group of instruments.Also: financial market index, index
- Market OpenMarket data fieldMarket open is the venue-defined boundary or auction event that starts a specified trading session.Also: session open, opening time
- Market TICK IndicatorIndicatorThe Market TICK Indicator is the number of eligible issues trading on an uptick minus those trading on a downtick at a timestamp.Also: TICK index, net upticks
- Market-Capitalization-Weighted IndexFinancial conceptA market-capitalization-weighted index gives constituent influence according to declared market capitalization.Also: market-cap-weighted index, capitalization-weighted index
- McClellan Volume OscillatorIndicatorA breadth-volume oscillator equal to the 10% Trend minus the 5% Trend of Up Volume minus Down Volume.Also: Volume McClellan Oscillator, MVO
- McClellan Volume Summation IndexIndicatorA cumulative breadth-volume index that adds each ready McClellan Volume Oscillator value to its prior level.Also: Volume Summation Index, VSI
- Measurement UnitFormula componentA measurement unit states the quantity scale represented by a numeric value, such as currency, shares, contracts, seconds, or percent.Also: unit of measure, unit
- MergerFinancial conceptA merger is a corporate transaction combining entities or securities under legally specified consideration and continuity terms.Also: business combination
- Minimum-Volatility PortfolioAlgorithmA minimum-volatility portfolio minimizes forecast portfolio variance subject to a declared universe and constraints.Also: minimum variance portfolio, min-vol portfolio
- Missing ValueData quality conceptA missing value indicates that the expected information is unavailable, unobserved, inapplicable, or withheld under a stated data contract.Also: missing data, absent value
- Moving IssuesFormula componentMoving Issues is the sum of advancing and declining issue counts for a session.Also: total moving issues
- Moving-Average LookbackFormula componentMoving-Average Lookback is the declared window length and calendar basis used by a moving-average calculation.Also: MA period
N
- Net AdvancesFormula componentNet Advances is the number of advancing issues minus the number of declining issues for one validated session.Also: advances minus declines, A-D breadth
- Net New HighsFormula componentNet New Highs is the count of new highs minus the count of new lows for the same universe and session.Also: new highs minus new lows
- Net ReturnFinancial conceptNet return is a return measured after the deductions specified by a methodology or investor context.Also: return after deductions
- Net Total Return IndexFinancial conceptA net total return index reinvests eligible distributions after the methodology's specified withholding-tax or deduction assumptions.Also: net return index, NTR index
- Net Up-Down VolumeFormula componentNet Up-Down Volume is Up Volume minus Down Volume for one validated session.Also: up-volume minus down-volume, volume breadth input
- New 52-Week HighMarket data fieldNew 52-Week High identifies a security whose selected price reaches a maximum over the declared 52-week window.Also: 52-week high issue
- New 52-Week LowMarket data fieldNew 52-Week Low identifies a security whose selected price reaches a minimum over the declared 52-week window.Also: 52-week low issue
- No-Imputation Missing-Session PolicyImplementation conceptA policy that blocks or pauses calculation instead of converting a missing required session into a zero observation.Also: Missing-session refusal, No silent zero
- Null ValueData quality conceptA null value is an explicit data representation indicating that no ordinary value is present in a field.Also: null, database null
- Numerical ToleranceImplementation conceptNumerical tolerance is a declared bound used to decide when two numeric results are acceptably close for a specific comparison.Also: comparison tolerance, epsilon
O
- Observation TimeMarket data fieldObservation time is the timestamp used to place a measured value on a time axis.Also: observation timestamp
- OHLCMarket data fieldOHLC is a four-field summary containing the open, high, low, and close prices for a declared interval and eligibility policy.Also: open high low close, OHLC prices
- OHLCVMarket data fieldOHLCV is a bar record containing open, high, low, close, and trading-volume fields for one declared interval.Also: open high low close volume, OHLCV bar
- Operating Cash FlowFinancial conceptOperating cash flow is net cash generated or used by operating activities over a reporting period under the applicable accounting framework.Also: cash from operations, CFO
- OscillatorIndicatorAn indicator constructed to fluctuate around a reference level or within a range as its inputs change.Also: Oscillating indicator
- OutlierData quality conceptAn outlier is an observation that is unusually distant or inconsistent under a specified comparison model.Also: anomalous value, extreme observation
P
- Payment DateMarket data fieldPayment date is the scheduled or actual date on which a corporate-action entitlement is delivered to eligible holders.Also: payable date, distribution payment date
- Percent Above Moving AverageIndicatorPercent Above Moving Average is the percentage of eligible securities whose selected price is above the selected moving average.Also: percent-above-MA
- Percentage DecrementFormula componentA percentage decrement is a proportional deduction accrued from an index value or return base under a declared rate convention.Also: proportional index decrement
- Point-in-Time DatasetEvidence conceptA point-in-time dataset can reconstruct what information was valid and available to a specified user or system at a historical decision time.Also: PIT dataset, as-known dataset
- Point-in-Time Issue UniverseEvidence conceptA point-in-time issue universe is the eligible security set established using information valid for the session being calculated.Also: PIT issue universe
- Portfolio VolatilityFormula componentPortfolio volatility is the standard deviation implied by portfolio weights and a declared return covariance matrix.Also: portfolio standard deviation, portfolio risk
- PrecisionImplementation conceptPrecision describes the fineness or number of digits with which a value or timestamp is represented or computed.Also: decimal precision, numeric precision
- Previous CloseMarket data fieldPrevious close is the governed closing price carried from the preceding applicable trading session.Also: prior close, previous closing price
- Price Above Moving AverageFormula componentPrice Above Moving Average is a Boolean classification that is true when the selected price exceeds its specified moving average.Also: above-MA flag
- Price Below Moving AverageFormula componentPrice Below Moving Average is a Boolean classification that is true when the selected price is below its specified moving average.Also: below-MA flag
- Price RelativeFormula componentPrice relative is the ratio of an ending comparable price to its starting comparable price.Also: price ratio
- Price ReturnFormula componentPrice return measures the change in an asset's price while excluding cash distributions such as dividends.Also: capital return
- Price Return IndexFinancial conceptA price return index measures constituent price performance without reinvesting ordinary cash distributions.Also: price index
- Price TrendFinancial conceptPrice Trend is the direction and structure of price movement under a specified trend rule and horizon.Also: market price trend
- Price-Weighted IndexFinancial conceptA price-weighted index gives constituent influence according to eligible per-share prices under its divisor methodology.
- Processing CheckpointImplementation conceptA persisted valid state and provenance bundle from which deterministic processing can safely resume.Also: State checkpoint, Resume checkpoint
- Processing TimeMarket data fieldProcessing time is when a computing system received, transformed, stored, or otherwise handled a record.Also: system processing time, ingestion time
- Publication TimeMarket data fieldPublication time is when a source officially released or disseminated information.Also: release time, published timestamp
R
- Ratio-Adjusted BreadthFormula componentRatio-adjusted breadth scales advances minus declines by advances plus declines.Also: normalized McClellan breadth
- Ratio-Adjusted McClellan OscillatorIndicatorA McClellan oscillator calculated from 1000 times net advances divided by advancing plus declining issues.Also: Ratio-Adjusted McClellan Oscillator (RAMO), Ratio-adjusted breadth oscillator
- Ratio-Adjusted Summation IndexIndicatorA cumulative index that adds each ready Ratio-Adjusted McClellan Oscillator value to its prior level.Also: RASI, Ratio-Adjusted McClellan Summation Index
- Ready PointImplementation conceptThe first eligible observation at which every state required for an indicator output has been initialized.Also: First ready observation
- Realized VolatilityFormula componentRealized volatility is a volatility estimate calculated from observed returns over a declared historical window and sampling rule.Also: historical volatility, realised volatility
- Record DateMarket data fieldRecord date is the date used under event terms to identify holders of record for a corporate-action entitlement.Also: holder record date
- Record HighFinancial conceptRecord High is the greatest eligible value in the full declared history available under a record policy.Also: all-time high
- Record LowFinancial conceptRecord Low is the smallest eligible value in the full declared history available under a record policy.Also: all-time low
- Recursive StateImplementation conceptA stored calculation value that a recurrence carries from one accepted observation into the next update.Also: Recurrence state
- ReinvestmentFinancial conceptReinvestment is the use of a distribution or proceeds to acquire additional exposure under a stated timing and price convention.Also: distribution reinvestment
- Replication PortfolioFinancial conceptA replication portfolio is a tradable portfolio designed to reproduce an index's return as closely as practical under stated constraints.Also: index tracking portfolio
- Restated DataEvidence conceptRestated data is financial information revised through a later filing or authoritative disclosure for a previously reported period.Also: restated value, revised financial data
- Return BaseImplementation conceptReturn base is the declared starting value, unit, and economic basis against which a return is measured.Also: return measurement basis
- Return IndexFormula componentA return index is a level series created by compounding periodic returns from a chosen starting value.Also: wealth index, growth index
- Return of CapitalFinancial conceptA return of capital is a distribution classified as repayment of invested capital rather than ordinary earnings under a stated context.Also: capital repayment
- RevenueFinancial conceptRevenue is income arising from an entity's ordinary activities under the applicable accounting framework and reporting period.Also: sales revenue, top-line revenue
- Reverse Stock SplitFinancial conceptA reverse stock split reduces shares outstanding while proportionally increasing the per-share basis without intentionally creating value.Also: share consolidation, reverse split
- Revision LineageEvidence conceptAn ordered chain connecting each correction to the exact earlier record it supersedes.Also: Correction chain, Supersession chain
- Rights IssueFinancial conceptA rights issue offers eligible existing holders rights to subscribe for additional securities under stated terms.Also: rights offering
- Risk ContributionFormula componentRisk contribution allocates a portfolio risk measure among positions under a declared decomposition.Also: component risk contribution
- Rolling ExtremeStatistical methodRolling Extreme is a maximum or minimum recomputed over a moving observation window.Also: window extreme
S
- Schema DriftData quality conceptSchema drift is a change in data structure or declared field semantics across versions or deliveries.Also: data contract drift, schema change
- Sector BreadthFinancial conceptSector Breadth describes market participation after securities are grouped by a governed sector classification.Also: breadth by sector
- Sector ClassificationImplementation conceptSector Classification is a governed taxonomy and point-in-time mapping that assigns securities or issuers to economic sectors.Also: industry sector taxonomy
- Sector Diffusion IndexIndicatorSector Diffusion Index summarizes how broadly a declared condition is spreading across eligible sectors.Also: sector diffusion
- SecurityFinancial conceptA security is a financial instrument representing an investment or financing interest that can be identified and transferred under applicable rules.Also: financial security
- Security MasterImplementation conceptA security master is a governed reference-data system that organizes instruments, issuers, identifiers, listings, currencies, statuses, and effective dates.Also: security master data, instrument master
- Sequence GapData quality conceptA sequence gap is a discontinuity in an expected ordered identifier sequence for a specified data stream.Also: message gap, missing sequence number
- Series IdentityImplementation conceptSeries identity is the complete key and semantic contract that states what a sequence of observations represents.Also: time-series identity, series key
- Share ClassFinancial conceptA share class is a category of an issuer's equity with a defined set of rights, restrictions, or economic terms.Also: class of shares, stock class
- Simple Moving AverageStatistical methodSimple Moving Average is the arithmetic mean of observations in a declared moving window.Also: SMA
- Simple ReturnFormula componentSimple return is the proportional change from a starting value to an ending value over one period.Also: arithmetic return, discrete return
- SMA-Seeded EMA InitializationImplementation conceptAn EMA initialization policy that uses the arithmetic mean of the first eligible observations as the initial recursive state.Also: Simple-average EMA seed
- Smoothing ConstantFormula componentA smoothing constant controls how far an exponential state moves toward each new observation.Also: alpha, EMA tracking rate
- SnapshotMarket data fieldA snapshot is a bounded representation of selected market or reference-data state at a stated cutoff.Also: market snapshot, state snapshot
- Special DividendFinancial conceptA special dividend is a distribution classified as non-regular or extraordinary under the applicable event or methodology rules.Also: extraordinary dividend, non-regular dividend
- Spin-OffFinancial conceptA spin-off separates a business by distributing shares or entitlement in another security to eligible holders.Also: demerger distribution
- Split FactorFormula componentA split factor is the declared conversion ratio between new and old per-share units for a stock split.Also: share split factor, split ratio factor
- Stable Security IdentifierImplementation conceptA stable security identifier is a governed key intended to preserve instrument identity across changes in mutable labels such as ticker or name.Also: permanent security identifier, security ID
- Stale DataData quality conceptStale data is information whose age or lack of expected update makes it unsuitable under a declared freshness policy.Also: staleness, stale quote
- Standardized ScoreFormula componentA standardized score expresses a value relative to a declared center and scale, commonly as deviations from a mean.Also: z-score, standard score
- Stock DividendFinancial conceptA stock dividend distributes additional shares or share entitlement rather than only cash.Also: scrip dividend, share dividend
- Stock SplitFinancial conceptA stock split increases the number of shares per holder while proportionally changing the per-share basis without intentionally creating value.Also: forward stock split, share split
- Strategy IndexFinancial conceptA strategy index applies a governed rules-based investment or risk-management strategy to declared underlying instruments or indices.Also: rules-based strategy index
- Suffix RecalculationImplementation conceptRecomputing a corrected observation and every later output whose recursive state may depend on it.Also: Suffix recomputation, Correction propagation
- Symbol ChangeFinancial conceptA symbol change replaces a listing's trading symbol from an effective boundary while preserving the relevant identity history.Also: ticker change, trading symbol change
T
- Thematic ExposureFinancial conceptThematic exposure is a governed measure of an issuer or security's connection to a defined economic, technological, social, or environmental theme.Also: theme exposure
- Thematic TiltFinancial conceptA thematic tilt deliberately shifts portfolio or index weights toward securities with greater declared thematic exposure.Also: theme tilt
- Theoretical Ex-Rights PriceFormula componentTheoretical ex-rights price estimates the post-rights per-share price from the cum-rights price and subscription terms under simplifying assumptions.Also: TERP
- Threshold CrossingAlgorithmThreshold Crossing occurs when a measured series moves across a declared level under an explicit comparison rule.Also: level crossing
- Thrust ThresholdFormula componentThrust Threshold is a governed boundary used to start, complete, or invalidate a breadth-thrust rule.Also: breadth trigger level
- Thrust WindowFormula componentThrust Window is the declared interval within which a breadth series must complete a threshold transition.Also: signal window
- TickFinancial conceptA tick is one atomic market-data event or update in an ordered event stream.Also: market tick, tick event
- Ticker SymbolMarket data fieldA ticker symbol is a short, human-readable code used to refer to a security or listing within a particular market context.Also: ticker, trading symbol, stock symbol
- Tilt ConstraintImplementation conceptA tilt constraint limits how far a tilted portfolio may deviate from declared baseline weights or exposures.Also: portfolio tilt limit
- Time ZoneImplementation conceptA time zone is a governed set of civil-time offset rules used to interpret local dates and times.Also: timezone, named time zone
- Top-N Index ContributionIndicatorTop-N Index Contribution is the combined index-return contribution of the N constituents selected by a declared contribution ranking.Also: top contributors contribution
- Total ReturnFormula componentTotal return measures price change together with eligible distributions over a declared holding period.Also: investment total return
- Total VolumeMarket data fieldTotal Volume is the reported trading volume for a declared market scope and session.Also: reported total volume
- TradeFinancial conceptA trade is an executed transaction in which a quantity of a financial instrument changes hands at agreed terms.Also: market trade, execution
- Trading CalendarImplementation conceptA trading calendar is a versioned schedule of venue sessions, holidays, early closes, and exceptional closures.Also: exchange calendar, market calendar
- Trading DateMarket data fieldA trading date is the venue-calendar date to which a trading session or market record is assigned.Also: session date, trade date
- Trading SessionFinancial conceptA trading session is a venue-defined period during which specified market activities are scheduled to occur.Also: market session, session
- Trading VenueFinancial conceptA trading venue is an organized market, platform, or facility on which financial instruments can be quoted, traded, or reported.Also: market venue, execution venue
- Trading VolumeMarket data fieldTrading volume is the aggregate eligible quantity executed over a stated instrument, source, and interval.Also: trade volume, volume
- Traditional McClellan OscillatorIndicatorA breadth oscillator equal to the 10% Trend minus the 5% Trend of daily advancing issues minus declining issues.Also: Unadjusted McClellan Oscillator, Raw-count McClellan Oscillator
- Traditional McClellan Summation IndexIndicatorA cumulative breadth index that adds each ready Traditional McClellan Oscillator value to a declared prior level.Also: Traditional Summation Index, McClellan Summation Index
- Transaction CostFinancial conceptTransaction cost is the explicit and implicit economic cost associated with executing a trade.Also: trading cost, execution cost
- Trend ParticipationFinancial conceptTrend Participation describes how widely a directional trend is shared across an eligible security universe.Also: market trend participation
U
- Unadjusted PriceMarket data fieldUnadjusted price is the reported or normalized market price before retrospective corporate-action adjustment.Also: raw price, as-traded price
- Unchanged IssueMarket data fieldAn unchanged issue is an eligible security whose comparable price did not move under the declared comparison policy.Also: flat issue
- Unchanged VolumeMarket data fieldUnchanged Volume is reported share volume allocated to unchanged issues under a declared methodology.Also: flat share volume
- Underlying IndexFinancial conceptAn underlying index is the identified index series whose levels or returns serve as an input to another index, product, or strategy.Also: reference underlying index
- Universe MembershipFinancial conceptUniverse membership is an effective-dated assertion that a security belongs to a defined eligible set for a specified interval.Also: constituent membership, eligible-set membership
- Universe PartitionData quality conceptA universe partition assigns every eligible issue to exactly one declared classification bucket.Also: breadth classification partition
- Up VolumeMarket data fieldUp Volume is reported share volume allocated to advancing issues under a declared methodology.Also: advancing share volume
- Upside/Downside Volume RatioIndicatorUpside/Downside Volume Ratio is advancing or upside volume divided by declining or downside volume.Also: up/down volume ratio
- UptickMarket data fieldUptick is a trade-price classification indicating an increase from the applicable comparison price.Also: up tick
V
- Valid ZeroData quality conceptA valid zero is an observed or derived numeric value of exactly zero that is meaningful under the field's contract.Also: legitimate zero, observed zero
- Volatility TargetFormula componentA volatility target is the declared risk level a strategy uses when scaling exposure.Also: target volatility, risk target
- Volatility-Control IndexFinancial conceptA volatility-control index adjusts exposure between an underlying risky index and a cash or financing component using a volatility rule.Also: risk-control index, volatility target index
- Volume Adjustment BasisEvidence conceptA volume adjustment basis declares how reported volume values are represented and adjusted within a series.Also: reported-volume basis
Z
- Zero-Mover SessionData quality conceptA zero-mover session has no advancing or declining issues, so A plus D equals zero.Also: no-mover session
- Zweig Breadth ThrustIndicatorZweig Breadth Thrust is a named breadth-thrust method based on a ten-day EMA of advances divided by advances plus declines.Also: ZBT
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- 10% TrendFormula componentThe faster McClellan exponential trend that assigns 10 percent weight to the current breadth input.Also: 10 Percent Trend, Fast McClellan trend
- 20-Day BreadthIndicator20-Day Breadth is percent-above-moving-average breadth calculated with a 20-session moving average.Also: percent above 20-day MA
- 200-Day BreadthIndicator200-Day Breadth is percent-above-moving-average breadth calculated with a 200-session moving average.Also: percent above 200-day MA
- 5% TrendFormula componentThe slower McClellan exponential trend that assigns 5 percent weight to the current breadth input.Also: 5 Percent Trend, Slow McClellan trend
- 50-Day BreadthIndicator50-Day Breadth is percent-above-moving-average breadth calculated with a 50-session moving average.Also: percent above 50-day MA
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Definitions are written against primary and standards-grade references, each recorded with the exact claim it supports and the limits of what it can support.
Release e6c5492bd612
- FTB-S000001A-D definition Nasdaq, Inc. · United States · official exchange
Limits: Does not prescribe universe membership, revision handling, volume allocation, EMA initialization, or software behavior.
- FTB-S000002Daily Market Summary Data Fields and Definitions Nasdaq, Inc. · United States, Nasdaq-listed issues · official exchange
Limits: Does not define the pilot's exhaustive partition, causal cutoff, revision lineage, EMA policy, or normalized breadth formula.
- FTB-S000003Calculating the McClellan Oscillator McClellan Financial Publications · United States market-breadth methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Does not prescribe one universal initialization, missing-session, revision-resolution, rounding, or software interface policy.
- FTB-S000004The McClellan Oscillator and Summation Index McClellan Financial Publications · United States market-breadth methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Interpretive descriptions and historical conventions are not current out-of-sample performance evidence or a universal fresh-series calibration.
- FTB-S000005Ratio Adjusted Summation Index McClellan Financial Publications · United States market-breadth methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Historical interpretive thresholds are not universal trading rules; the source does not prescribe the package's evidence or software failure policies.
- FTB-S000006A Subtle Message in the Volume Summation Index McClellan Financial Publications · United States market-breadth methodology · first party technical publication
Limits: The article's market interpretation is excluded as evidence of forecasting, causation, thresholds, or profitable trading behavior.
- FTB-S000007Understanding Oscillators and Other Indicators McClellan Financial Publications · United States market-breadth methodology · first party technical publication
Limits: Historical publication conventions do not define a universal modern volume feed, adjustment basis, revision policy, or predictive result.
- FTB-S000008McClellan Oscillator StockCharts ChartSchool · General market analysis · secondary methodology
Limits: Platform symbols, displayed thresholds, universe choices, and implementation details are vendor-specific rather than universal methodology requirements.
- FTB-S000009Fintech Builder Glossary Definition Contract The Fintech Builder · Platform-wide implementation contract · internal governed contract
Limits: Defines governed platform behavior rather than claiming these policies are universally prescribed by external McClellan methodology.
- FTB-S000010Daily TAQ Client Specification New York Stock Exchange / Intercontinental Exchange · United States · official exchange
Limits: Product-specific and licensed; it does not create universal eligibility, repair, imputation, tolerance, or aggregation rules.
- FTB-S000011RFC 3339: Date and Time on the Internet RFC Editor / Internet Engineering Task Force · International · official standard
Limits: A serialization profile does not define financial event, effective, publication, availability, or processing semantics.
- FTB-S000012Time Zone Database Internet Assigned Numbers Authority · International · official standard
Limits: The database does not contain exchange sessions, trading holidays, or product calendars.
- FTB-S000013NYSE Trading Hours and Calendars New York Stock Exchange · United States · official exchange
Limits: Hours vary by venue, product, date, rule version, and exceptional notice; they are not a universal calendar.
- FTB-S000014ISO 6166:2021 Financial services — International securities identification number International Organization for Standardization · International · official standard
Limits: The normative text is licensed; an ISIN does not by itself identify an issuer, venue, listing, or eternal internal entity.
- FTB-S000015Financial Instrument Global Identifier Version 1.2 Object Management Group · International · official standard
Limits: Identifier hierarchy does not establish legal rights, fungibility, or universal persistence, and provider terms still apply.
- FTB-S000016ISO 10383 Market Identifier Codes SWIFT as ISO 10383 Registration Authority · International · official standard
Limits: A MIC identifies a market or segment, not a security, issuer, listing, or trading symbol.
- FTB-S000017Nasdaq Symbol Directory Definitions Nasdaq Trader · United States · official exchange
Limits: Current directories are not complete historical identity chains, and symbols are not globally unique permanent identifiers.
- FTB-S000018FIX Latest Online Specification — Market Data FIX Trading Community · International · official standard
Limits: Implementations use negotiated profiles; FIX fields do not impose one universal feed, stale-data, deduplication, or reconciliation policy.
- FTB-S000019PROV-O: The PROV Ontology World Wide Web Consortium · International · official standard
Limits: It supplies a provenance vocabulary, not a financial-market lineage schema or retention policy.
- FTB-S000020JSON Schema Validation: A Vocabulary for Structural Validation JSON Schema · International · official standard
Limits: It defines instance validation, not financial semantics, release severity, compatibility, precision, or schema-drift policy.
- FTB-S000021S&P Dow Jones Indices Index Mathematics Methodology S&P Dow Jones Indices · Global index methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Authoritative for the provider's indices; conventions are not universal defaults for every index or security-level return series.
- FTB-S000022S&P DJI Equity Indices Policies & Practices S&P Dow Jones Indices · Global index methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Provider-specific rules and discretion must be read with the methodology effective for the named index and date.
- FTB-S000023Corporate Actions and Events Guide FTSE Russell, London Stock Exchange Group · Global index methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Rules are specific to applicable FTSE Russell indices and can contain market, eligibility, tax, and timing exceptions.
- FTB-S000024Corporate Actions by Public Companies: What You Should Know Financial Industry Regulatory Authority · United States · official platform documentation
Limits: General education does not define every event field, tax result, exchange rule, data-provider adjustment, or index treatment.
- FTB-S000025CRSP US Stock and Indexes Databases Data Descriptions Guide Center for Research in Security Prices · United States research database · official platform documentation
Limits: CRSP conventions, fields, codes, and licensed observations are provider-specific and are not reproduced as universal rules.
- FTB-S000026Principles for Financial Benchmarks International Organization of Securities Commissions · International · official standard
Limits: Principles are not an index calculation formula, a substitute for product methodology, or a complete statement of applicable law.
- FTB-S000027MSCI Global Investable Market Indexes Methodology Library MSCI · Global index methodology · first party methodology
Limits: MSCI methodology and production data are provider-specific and branded data or calculated values may require licenses.
- FTB-S000028FTSE Russell Index Policy and Methodology Library FTSE Russell, London Stock Exchange Group · Global index methodology · first party methodology
Limits: The library links multiple documents with separate versions and applicability; the effective document must be identified.
- FTB-S000029Exchange Delistings U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · United States · official platform documentation
Limits: A delisting filing does not establish final shareholder proceeds, terminal value, successor consideration, or reconstructed return.
- FTB-S000030Nasdaq Daily List Product Description Nasdaq Trader · United States · official exchange
Limits: Product coverage, field semantics, timing, history, access, and redistribution are specific to Nasdaq and its delivery products.
- FTB-S000031MSCI Minimum Volatility Indexes Methodology MSCI · Global index methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Provider methodology and production constraints are specific to MSCI indices and do not define one universal optimizer.
- FTB-S000032S&P Risk Control 2.0 Indices Methodology S&P Dow Jones Indices · Global index methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Authoritative for the named index family; it does not create a universal volatility-control formula or investment result.
- FTB-S000033Portfolio Selection The Journal of Finance / Harry Markowitz · General financial theory · first party technical publication
Limits: Later index constraints, covariance estimators, investability rules, and production optimization controls are separate choices.
- FTB-S000034On the Properties of Equally-Weighted Risk Contributions Portfolios The Journal of Portfolio Management · General financial theory · first party technical publication
Limits: Covariance estimation, constraints, convergence, turnover, and index-provider implementation remain governed choices.
- FTB-S000035Fundamental Indexation Research Affiliates / Financial Analysts Journal · General index research · first party technical publication
Limits: Metric selection, accounting definitions, normalization, data lags, rebalancing, and production rules must be declared.
- FTB-S000036FTSE Currency Hedging Methodology Overview FTSE Russell, London Stock Exchange Group · Global index methodology · first party methodology
Limits: Production rates, holidays, currencies, tenors, and calculation details require the full applicable methodology and data licenses.
- FTB-S000037Accessing EDGAR Data U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · United States · official platform documentation
Limits: EDGAR access guidance does not define a research system's local ingestion, validation, revision-selection, or availability boundary.
- FTB-S000038EDGAR Glossary U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · United States · official platform documentation
Limits: Terminology does not prove local availability, select a research revision, or interpret the accounting effect of an amendment.
- FTB-S000039T2101 Absolute Breadth Index TC2000 · Global · official platform documentation
Limits: The page documents a platform indicator; universe membership and data handling must still be declared by the implementation.
- FTB-S000040High-Low Index StockCharts ChartSchool · United States · secondary methodology
Limits: Examples are educational and provider-specific; they do not prescribe a universal universe, lookback, or trading rule.
- FTB-S000041Percent Above Moving Average StockCharts ChartSchool · United States · secondary methodology
Limits: Threshold interpretation and universe composition are contextual and must not be treated as guaranteed signals.
- FTB-S000042New 52-Week Highs and Lows for Exchanges StockCharts ChartSchool · United States · secondary methodology
Limits: Provider symbols and eligibility rules may differ from another data vendor's point-in-time universe.
- FTB-S000043Arms Index (TRIN) StockCharts ChartSchool · United States · secondary methodology
Limits: Interpretive levels are market- and period-dependent; zero denominators and feed coverage require explicit policy.
- FTB-S000044Advance-Decline Volume Line StockCharts ChartSchool · United States · secondary methodology
Limits: The starting level is arbitrary and different exchange feeds can produce different histories.
- FTB-S000045Advance-Decline Ratio Nasdaq · United States · official exchange
Limits: The glossary definition does not define a complete production data contract or denominator-zero policy.
- FTB-S000046Advance-Decline Ratio Indicators and the Zweig Breadth Thrust StockCharts · United States · secondary methodology
Limits: Historical signal descriptions are not evidence of future performance, and implementations must freeze thresholds and window semantics.
- FTB-S000047Herfindahl-Hirschman Index U.S. Department of Justice · United States · official standard
Limits: Antitrust concentration thresholds do not automatically apply to index-constituent concentration; this glossary reuses only the mathematics.
- FTB-S000048Business Cycle Indicators: Diffusion Indexes The Conference Board · United States · first party methodology
Limits: Applying the general diffusion construction to sectors or factor groups is a declared Fintech Builder adaptation.